編者按：2018年4月8日至11日，博鰲亞洲論壇2018年年會(huì )在海南舉行。這是中國在十九大之后、改革開(kāi)放40周年、海南建省辦經(jīng)濟特區30周年之際舉行的首場(chǎng)主場(chǎng)外交。習近平主席出席年會(huì )并在開(kāi)幕式上發(fā)表了題為《開(kāi)放共創(chuàng )繁榮創(chuàng )新引領(lǐng)未來(lái)》的主旨演講, 對中國改革開(kāi)放偉大成就、重要經(jīng)驗和啟示、世界意義和影響，對未來(lái)人類(lèi)社會(huì )關(guān)系發(fā)展的建議，以及在新的歷史時(shí)期中國將如何深化改革、擴大對外開(kāi)放，作出最權威的總結和闡釋。 

對中國改革開(kāi)放偉大成就的總結 

1978年，在鄧小平先生倡導下，以中共十一屆三中全會(huì )為標志，中國開(kāi)啟了改革開(kāi)放歷史征程。從農村到城市，從試點(diǎn)到推廣，從經(jīng)濟體制改革到全面深化改革，40年眾志成城，40年砥礪奮進(jìn)，40年春風(fēng)化雨，中國人民用雙手書(shū)寫(xiě)了國家和民族發(fā)展的壯麗史詩(shī)。 

——40年來(lái)，中國人民始終艱苦奮斗、頑強拼搏，極大解放和發(fā)展了中國社會(huì )生產(chǎn)力。天道酬勤，春華秋實(shí)。中國人民堅持聚精會(huì )神搞建設、堅持改革開(kāi)放不動(dòng)搖，持之以恒，鍥而不舍，推動(dòng)中國發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。今天，中國已經(jīng)成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟體、第一大工業(yè)國、第一大貨物貿易國、第一大外匯儲備國。40年來(lái)，按照可比價(jià)格計算，中國國內生產(chǎn)總值年均增長(cháng)約9.5%；以美元計算，中國對外貿易額年均增長(cháng)14.5%。中國人民生活從短缺走向充裕、從貧困走向小康，現行聯(lián)合國標準下的7億多貧困人口成功脫貧，占同期全球減貧人口總數70%以上。 

——40年來(lái)，中國人民始終上下求索、銳意進(jìn)取，開(kāi)辟了中國特色社會(huì )主義道路。中國人民堅持立足國情、放眼世界，既強調獨立自主、自力更生又注重對外開(kāi)放、合作共贏(yíng)，既堅持社會(huì )主義制度又堅持社會(huì )主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟改革方向，既“摸著(zhù)石頭過(guò)河”又加強頂層設計，不斷研究新情況、解決新問(wèn)題、總結新經(jīng)驗，成功開(kāi)辟出一條中國特色社會(huì )主義道路。中國人民的成功實(shí)踐昭示世人，通向現代化的道路不止一條，只要找準正確方向、馳而不息，條條大路通羅馬。 

——40年來(lái)，中國人民始終與時(shí)俱進(jìn)、一往無(wú)前，充分顯示了中國力量。中國人民堅持解放思想、實(shí)事求是，實(shí)現解放思想和改革開(kāi)放相互激蕩、觀(guān)念創(chuàng )新和實(shí)踐探索相互促進(jìn)，充分顯示了思想引領(lǐng)的強大力量。中國人民勇于自我革命、自我革新，不斷完善中國特色社會(huì )主義制度，不斷革除阻礙發(fā)展的各方面體制機制弊端，充分顯示了制度保障的強大力量。中國人民敢闖敢試、敢為人先，積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng )造性空前高漲，充分顯示了13億多人民作為國家主人和真正英雄推動(dòng)歷史前進(jìn)的強大力量。 

——40年來(lái)，中國人民始終敞開(kāi)胸襟、擁抱世界，積極作出了中國貢獻。改革開(kāi)放是中國和世界共同發(fā)展進(jìn)步的偉大歷程。中國人民堅持對外開(kāi)放基本國策，打開(kāi)國門(mén)搞建設，成功實(shí)現從封閉半封閉到全方位開(kāi)放的偉大轉折。中國在對外開(kāi)放中展現大國擔當，從引進(jìn)來(lái)到走出去，從加入世界貿易組織到共建“一帶一路”，為應對亞洲金融危機和國際金融危機作出重大貢獻，連續多年對世界經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)貢獻率超過(guò)30%，成為世界經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)的主要穩定器和動(dòng)力源，促進(jìn)了人類(lèi)和平與發(fā)展的崇高事業(yè)。 

今天，中國人民完全可以自豪地說(shuō)，改革開(kāi)放這場(chǎng)中國的第二次革命，不僅深刻改變了中國，也深刻影響了世界！ 

“天行有?！?，“應之以治則吉”。中國進(jìn)行改革開(kāi)放，順應了中國人民要發(fā)展、要創(chuàng )新、要美好生活的歷史要求，契合了世界各國人民要發(fā)展、要合作、要和平生活的時(shí)代潮流。中國改革開(kāi)放必然成功，也一定能夠成功！ 

中國40年改革開(kāi)放給人們提供了許多彌足珍貴的啟示，其中最重要的一條就是，一個(gè)國家、一個(gè)民族要振興，就必須在歷史前進(jìn)的邏輯中前進(jìn)、在時(shí)代發(fā)展的潮流中發(fā)展。 

對未來(lái)人類(lèi)社會(huì )發(fā)展關(guān)系的建議 

當今世界正在經(jīng)歷新一輪大發(fā)展大變革大調整，人類(lèi)面臨的不穩定不確定因素依然很多。新一輪科技和產(chǎn)業(yè)革命給人類(lèi)社會(huì )發(fā)展帶來(lái)新的機遇，也提出前所未有的挑戰。一些國家和地區的人民仍然生活在戰爭和沖突的陰影之下，很多老人、婦女、兒童依然飽受饑餓和貧窮的折磨。氣候變化、重大傳染性疾病等依然是人類(lèi)面臨的重大挑戰。開(kāi)放還是封閉，前進(jìn)還是后退，人類(lèi)面臨著(zhù)新的重大抉擇。 

面對復雜變化的世界，人類(lèi)社會(huì )向何處去？亞洲前途在哪里？我認為，回答這些時(shí)代之問(wèn)，我們要不畏浮云遮望眼，善于撥云見(jiàn)日，把握歷史規律，認清世界大勢。 

當今世界，和平合作的潮流滾滾向前。和平與發(fā)展是世界各國人民的共同心聲，冷戰思維、零和博弈愈發(fā)陳舊落伍，妄自尊大或獨善其身只能四處碰壁。只有堅持和平發(fā)展、攜手合作，才能真正實(shí)現共贏(yíng)、多贏(yíng)。 

當今世界，開(kāi)放融通的潮流滾滾向前。人類(lèi)社會(huì )發(fā)展的歷史告訴我們，開(kāi)放帶來(lái)進(jìn)步，封閉必然落后。世界已經(jīng)成為你中有我、我中有你的地球村，各國經(jīng)濟社會(huì )發(fā)展日益相互聯(lián)系、相互影響，推進(jìn)互聯(lián)互通、加快融合發(fā)展成為促進(jìn)共同繁榮發(fā)展的必然選擇。 

當今世界，變革創(chuàng )新的潮流滾滾向前。中國的先人們早在2500多年前就認識到：“茍利于民，不必法古；茍周于事，不必循俗”。變革創(chuàng )新是推動(dòng)人類(lèi)社會(huì )向前發(fā)展的根本動(dòng)力。誰(shuí)排斥變革，誰(shuí)拒絕創(chuàng )新，誰(shuí)就會(huì )落后于時(shí)代，誰(shuí)就會(huì )被歷史淘汰。 

從順應歷史潮流、增進(jìn)人類(lèi)福祉出發(fā)，我提出推動(dòng)構建人類(lèi)命運共同體的倡議，并同有關(guān)各方多次深入交換意見(jiàn)。我高興地看到，這一倡議得到越來(lái)越多國家和人民歡迎和認同，并被寫(xiě)進(jìn)了聯(lián)合國重要文件。我希望，各國人民同心協(xié)力、攜手前行，努力構建人類(lèi)命運共同體，共創(chuàng )和平、安寧、繁榮、開(kāi)放、美麗的亞洲和世界。 

——面向未來(lái)，我們要相互尊重、平等相待，堅持和平共處五項原則，尊重各國自主選擇的社會(huì )制度和發(fā)展道路，尊重彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切，走對話(huà)而不對抗、結伴而不結盟的國與國交往新路，不搞唯我獨尊、你輸我贏(yíng)的零和游戲，不搞以鄰為壑、恃強凌弱的強權霸道，妥善管控矛盾分歧，努力實(shí)現持久和平。 

——面向未來(lái)，我們要對話(huà)協(xié)商、共擔責任，秉持共同、綜合、合作、可持續的安全理念，堅定維護以聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則為核心的國際秩序和國際體系，統籌應對傳統和非傳統安全挑戰，深化雙邊和多邊協(xié)作，促進(jìn)不同安全機制間協(xié)調包容、互補合作，不這邊搭臺、那邊拆臺，實(shí)現普遍安全和共同安全。 

——面向未來(lái)，我們要同舟共濟、合作共贏(yíng)，堅持走開(kāi)放融通、互利共贏(yíng)之路，構建開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟，加強二十國集團、亞太經(jīng)合組織等多邊框架內合作，推動(dòng)貿易和投資自由化便利化，維護多邊貿易體制，共同打造新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)業(yè)、新業(yè)態(tài)、新模式，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟全球化朝著(zhù)更加開(kāi)放、包容、普惠、平衡、共贏(yíng)的方向發(fā)展。 

——面向未來(lái)，我們要兼容并蓄、和而不同，加強雙邊和多邊框架內文化、教育、旅游、青年、媒體、衛生、減貧等領(lǐng)域合作，推動(dòng)文明互鑒，使文明交流互鑒成為增進(jìn)各國人民友誼的橋梁、推動(dòng)社會(huì )進(jìn)步的動(dòng)力、維護地區和世界和平的紐帶。 

——面向未來(lái)，我們要敬畏自然、珍愛(ài)地球，樹(shù)立綠色、低碳、可持續發(fā)展理念，尊崇、順應、保護自然生態(tài)，加強氣候變化、環(huán)境保護、節能減排等領(lǐng)域交流合作，共享經(jīng)驗、共迎挑戰，不斷開(kāi)拓生產(chǎn)發(fā)展、生活富裕、生態(tài)良好的文明發(fā)展道路，為我們的子孫后代留下藍天碧海、綠水青山。 

對中國深化改革、擴大對外開(kāi)放重大舉措的闡釋 

去年10月召開(kāi)的中共十九大宣告中國特色社會(huì )主義進(jìn)入了新時(shí)代，制定了全面建設社會(huì )主義現代化強國的宏偉藍圖。中國特色社會(huì )主義進(jìn)入新時(shí)代，掀開(kāi)了實(shí)現中華民族偉大復興的新篇章，開(kāi)啟了加強中國同世界交融發(fā)展的新畫(huà)卷。 

一個(gè)時(shí)代有一個(gè)時(shí)代的問(wèn)題，一代人有一代人的使命。雖然我們已走過(guò)萬(wàn)水千山，但仍需要不斷跋山涉水。在新時(shí)代，中國人民將繼續自強不息、自我革新，堅定不移全面深化改革，逢山開(kāi)路，遇水架橋，敢于向頑瘴痼疾開(kāi)刀，勇于突破利益固化藩籬，將改革進(jìn)行到底。中國人民將繼續大膽創(chuàng )新、推動(dòng)發(fā)展，堅定不移貫徹以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，落實(shí)新發(fā)展理念，建設現代化經(jīng)濟體系，深化供給側結構性改革，加快實(shí)施創(chuàng )新驅動(dòng)發(fā)展戰略、鄉村振興戰略、區域協(xié)調發(fā)展戰略，推進(jìn)精準扶貧、精準脫貧，促進(jìn)社會(huì )公平正義，不斷增強人民獲得感、幸福感、安全感。中國人民將繼續擴大開(kāi)放、加強合作，堅定不移奉行互利共贏(yíng)的開(kāi)放戰略，堅持引進(jìn)來(lái)和走出去并重，推動(dòng)形成陸海內外聯(lián)動(dòng)、東西雙向互濟的開(kāi)放格局，實(shí)行高水平的貿易和投資自由化便利化政策，探索建設中國特色自由貿易港。中國人民將繼續與世界同行、為人類(lèi)作出更大貢獻，堅定不移走和平發(fā)展道路，積極發(fā)展全球伙伴關(guān)系，堅定支持多邊主義，積極參與推動(dòng)全球治理體系變革，構建新型國際關(guān)系，推動(dòng)構建人類(lèi)命運共同體。 

無(wú)論中國發(fā)展到什么程度，我們都不會(huì )威脅誰(shuí)，都不會(huì )顛覆現行國際體系，都不會(huì )謀求建立勢力范圍。中國始終是世界和平的建設者、全球發(fā)展的貢獻者、國際秩序的維護者。 

綜合研判世界發(fā)展大勢，經(jīng)濟全球化是不可逆轉的時(shí)代潮流。正是基于這樣的判斷，我在中共十九大報告中強調，中國堅持對外開(kāi)放的基本國策，堅持打開(kāi)國門(mén)搞建設。我要明確告訴大家，中國開(kāi)放的大門(mén)不會(huì )關(guān)閉，只會(huì )越開(kāi)越大！ 

實(shí)踐證明，過(guò)去40年中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展是在開(kāi)放條件下取得的，未來(lái)中國經(jīng)濟實(shí)現高質(zhì)量發(fā)展也必須在更加開(kāi)放條件下進(jìn)行。這是中國基于發(fā)展需要作出的戰略抉擇，同時(shí)也是在以實(shí)際行動(dòng)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟全球化造福世界各國人民。 

在擴大開(kāi)放方面，中國將采取以下重大舉措。 

第一，大幅度放寬市場(chǎng)準入。今年，我們將推出幾項有標志意義的舉措。在服務(wù)業(yè)特別是金融業(yè)方面，去年年底宣布的放寬銀行、證券、保險行業(yè)外資股比限制的重大措施要確保落地，同時(shí)要加大開(kāi)放力度，加快保險行業(yè)開(kāi)放進(jìn)程，放寬外資金融機構設立限制，擴大外資金融機構在華業(yè)務(wù)范圍，拓寬中外金融市場(chǎng)合作領(lǐng)域。在制造業(yè)方面，目前已基本開(kāi)放，保留限制的主要是汽車(chē)、船舶、飛機等少數行業(yè)，現在這些行業(yè)已經(jīng)具備開(kāi)放基礎，下一步要盡快放寬外資股比限制特別是汽車(chē)行業(yè)外資限制。 

第二，創(chuàng )造更有吸引力的投資環(huán)境。投資環(huán)境就像空氣，空氣清新才能吸引更多外資。過(guò)去，中國吸引外資主要靠?jì)?yōu)惠政策，現在要更多靠改善投資環(huán)境。我們將加強同國際經(jīng)貿規則對接，增強透明度，強化產(chǎn)權保護，堅持依法辦事，鼓勵競爭、反對壟斷。今年3月，我們組建了國家市場(chǎng)監督管理總局等新機構，對現有政府機構作出大幅度調整，堅決破除制約使市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用、更好發(fā)揮政府作用的體制機制弊端。今年上半年，我們將完成修訂外商投資負面清單工作，全面落實(shí)準入前國民待遇加負面清單管理制度。 

第三，加強知識產(chǎn)權保護。這是完善產(chǎn)權保護制度最重要的內容，也是提高中國經(jīng)濟競爭力最大的激勵。對此，外資企業(yè)有要求，中國企業(yè)更有要求。今年，我們將重新組建國家知識產(chǎn)權局，完善執法力量，加大執法力度，把違法成本顯著(zhù)提上去，把法律威懾作用充分發(fā)揮出來(lái)。我們鼓勵中外企業(yè)開(kāi)展正常技術(shù)交流合作，保護在華外資企業(yè)合法知識產(chǎn)權。同時(shí)，我們希望外國政府加強對中國知識產(chǎn)權的保護。 

第四，主動(dòng)擴大進(jìn)口。內需是中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的基本動(dòng)力，也是滿(mǎn)足人民日益增長(cháng)的美好生活需要的必然要求。中國不以追求貿易順差為目標，真誠希望擴大進(jìn)口，促進(jìn)經(jīng)常項目收支平衡。今年，我們將相當幅度降低汽車(chē)進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，同時(shí)降低部分其他產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，努力增加人民群眾需求比較集中的特色優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品進(jìn)口，加快加入世界貿易組織《政府采購協(xié)定》進(jìn)程。我們希望發(fā)達國家對正常合理的高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品貿易停止人為設限，放寬對華高技術(shù)產(chǎn)品出口管制。今年11月，我們將在上海舉辦首屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì )。這不是一般性的會(huì )展，而是我們主動(dòng)開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)的重大政策宣示和行動(dòng)。歡迎各國朋友來(lái)華參加。 

我想強調的是，我剛才宣布的這些對外開(kāi)放重大舉措，我們將盡快使之落地，宜早不宜遲，宜快不宜慢，努力讓開(kāi)放成果及早惠及中國企業(yè)和人民，及早惠及世界各國企業(yè)和人民。我相信，經(jīng)過(guò)努力，中國金融業(yè)競爭力將明顯提升，資本市場(chǎng)將持續健康發(fā)展，現代產(chǎn)業(yè)體系建設將加快推進(jìn)，中國市場(chǎng)環(huán)境將大大改善，知識產(chǎn)權將得到有力保護，中國對外開(kāi)放一定會(huì )打開(kāi)一個(gè)全新的局面。 

5年前，我提出了共建“一帶一路”倡議。5年來(lái)，已經(jīng)有80多個(gè)國家和國際組織同中國簽署了合作協(xié)議。共建“一帶一路”倡議源于中國，但機會(huì )和成果屬于世界，中國不打地緣博弈小算盤(pán)，不搞封閉排他小圈子，不做凌駕于人的強買(mǎi)強賣(mài)。需要指出的是“一帶一路”建設是全新的事物，在合作中有些不同意見(jiàn)是完全正常的，只要各方秉持和遵循共商共建共享的原則，就一定能增進(jìn)合作、化解分歧，把“一帶一路”打造成為順應經(jīng)濟全球化潮流的最廣泛國際合作平臺，讓共建"一帶一路"更好造福各國人民。 

編后語(yǔ)：習近平主席的演講，彰顯了中國面對國際風(fēng)云變幻將改革開(kāi)放進(jìn)行到底的堅定信念，再次強調改革開(kāi)放和開(kāi)放創(chuàng )新是中國和亞洲乃至世界走向繁榮發(fā)展的必由之路，為新一輪改革開(kāi)放、合作共贏(yíng)提供了中國方案，指明了發(fā)展方向?！拔鍌€(gè)面向未來(lái)”是習主席就推動(dòng)構建人類(lèi)命運共同體、共創(chuàng )亞洲和世界新未來(lái)提出的中國方案，“四大舉措”充分展示了中國在更高水平上改革開(kāi)放前所未有的決心和力度。我們堅信，中國堅持開(kāi)放共贏(yíng)，勇于變革創(chuàng )新，向著(zhù)構建人類(lèi)命運共同體的目標不斷邁進(jìn)，將同國際社會(huì )共創(chuàng )亞洲和世界的美好未來(lái)。 

President Xi Jinping's Keynote Speech at the Opening of the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2018--Edited Excerpt

Editor's note: The Boao Forum for Asia annual conference 2018 was held on April 8-11. It marks China's first major diplomatic event as the host after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. It also occurs during the year marking the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening-up era which started in 1978 and, in addition, the 30th anniversary of the founding of Hainan Province and the establishment of a special economic zone there. President Xi Jinping attended the opening ceremony of the conference and delivered a keynote speech themed Openness for Greater Prosperity, Innovation for a Better Future. In this speech, he gives the most authoritative summary and illustration on the key achievements, experiences and inspirations, along with the global significance and impacts of China's reform and opening-up policy. He also makes suggestions about the development of human society in the future and discusses how to deepen the reform and open wider to the outside world during this new, historically important era.

Great achievements of China's reform and opening up

Thanks to the initiative of Deng Xiaoping, the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978 marked the beginning of China's historic journey of reform and opening up. Our endeavor started off from the rural areas and then spread to cities, and from pilot programs to nationwide projects, from economic restructuring to the comprehensive deepening of reform. Reform and opening up over the past four decades has made a great impact on China. With united and determined efforts, the Chinese people have added a glorious chapter to the developing epic story of the country and the nation.

— Over the last four decades, Chinese people have significantly enhanced productivity in China through hard work, and through their unyielding spirit. The world rewards those who work hard, and gives a good harvest to those that sow at the right time. With endevours focused on national development and an unwavering commitment to reform and opening up, Chinese people have brought enormous changes to the country. China has become the world's second largest economy, the largest industrial producer, the largest trader of goods, and the holder of the largest foreign exchange reserves. Over the past 40 years, China's GDP has averaged an annual growth rate of around 9.5 percent in comparable prices and its foreign trade has registered an annual growth of 14.5 percent in U.S. dollar. The Chinese people have emerged from living a life characterized by shortages and poverty and are now enjoying material abundance and a moderately prosperous life. According to current UN standards, more than 700 million Chinese people have been lifted out of poverty, accounting for more than 70 percent of the global total over the period of reform and opening up.

— Over the last four decades, the Chinese people have pursued the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and done so through determined exploration and with a pioneering spirit. The Chinese people simultaneously have a keen awareness of national realities and a global vision. We champion independence and self-reliance while embracing openness and win-win cooperation. We uphold the socialist system while adhering to the principles of reform to develop the socialist market economy. As we "cross the river by feeling the stones," we have strengthened top-level planning. We have studied emerging new circumstances, addressed new problems as they came along and summed up experience accordingly, thus blazing a path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. The successful practice of the Chinese people is a proof that there is more than one path leading to modernization. With the right direction and with unremitting efforts, a number of different roads will take us to Rome.

— Over the last four decades, the Chinese people have kept forging ahead, demonstrating the national strength through keeping pace with the progress of the times. China is a nation which values truth and always approaches issues with an open mind. Our efforts to open up our minds have advanced side by side with our mission of reform and opening up. Our search for new ideas and desire to practically experiment have been mutually reinforcing. Such is the great strength one derives from having a guiding vision. China has courageously engaged in self-revolution and self-reforms, and constantly made improvements to the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is one that has kept on overcoming institutional and systemic obstacles to development. This is the source of our great strength. Ours is an enterprising and pioneering nation with unprecedented motivation, initiative and creativity. Such is the strength of the 1.3 billion Chinese people driving history forward as masters of their nation and real heroes.

— Over the last four decades, the Chinese people have embraced the world with open arms and actively contributed our share to the world's prosperity, development and growth. Reform and opening up is a great process that has seen not just China but the world achieve development and progress together. The Chinese people have made opening up a fundamental national policy. They have pursued development with an open mind and accomplished a great transition from seclusion and semi-seclusion to comprehensive openness. In this process, China has met its responsibilities as a major country. From "bringing in" to "going global," from WTO accession to the Belt and Road Initiative, China has made a significant contribution to mitigating the Asian financial crisis of 1998 and the global financial crisis a decade later. Contributing over 30 percent of global growth in recent years, China has become a key anchor and driver for the world economy and a positive force in advancing the cause of global peace and development.

Today, the Chinese people can say with great pride that reform and opening up, China's second revolution if you like, has not only profoundly changed the country but also greatly influenced the whole world.

An ancient Chinese classic teaches that heaven has its own law and those who embrace this will prosper. China's reform and opening up meets its people's aspiration for development, innovation and a better life. It also complements the global trend toward development, cooperation and peace. As such, China's reform and opening up can and will continue to be a great success!

Four decades of reform and opening up has given us valuable inspirations. The most important one is that for any country or nation to achieve rejuvenation, they must follow the onward natural flow of history and the trend of the times in their pursuit of progress and development.

Suggestions on the development of human society in the future

The world is undergoing a new round of major development, great change and profound readjustment. Humankind still faces much instability and uncertainty. The new round of the technological and industrial revolution brings fresh opportunities but also presents unprecedented challenges. In some countries and regions, people are still living in the shadow of war and conflict. A great many people, including the old, women and children, are suffering from hunger and poverty. Climate change and major communicable diseases remain formidable challenges. Humanity has a major choice to make between openness and isolation, and between progress and retrogression.

In this complex and constantly changing world, where are we heading and where is the future of Asia in all of this? To answer these questions which are so fundamental questions to our time, we must not let our vision be clouded and unclear. Instead, we must dispel the clouds to see the sun, as we say in Chinese, so as to have a keen grasp of the law of history and the trend of the world.

We live at a time where the trend is overwhelmingly toward peace and cooperation. In a world like this aspiring for peaceful development, the Cold War and zero-sum mentality looks even more out of place. Putting oneself on a pedestal or trying to make oneself immune from adverse developments will get nowhere. Only peaceful development and cooperation can truly bring optimal results.

We also live at a time where the trend is overwhelmingly toward openness and connectivity. Human history shows that openness leads to progress while seclusion means one gets left behind. The world has become a global village where all our interests are intertwined and our economic and social progress interconnected. To promote common prosperity and development in today's world, we have no choice but to pursue greater connectivity and integrated development.

We also live at a time where the trend is overwhelmingly toward reform and innovation. A Chinese philosopher recognized as early as 2,500 years ago that one doesn't have to follow a beaten path if one wishes to benefit the people and one doesn't have to observe old conventions if one wishes to get things done. Reform and innovation are the fundamental driving force of human progress. Those who reject them will be left behind and assigned to the dustbin of history.

To follow the trend of our times and advance the well-being of all people, I proposed the initiative to build a community with a shared future for humankind. I have since had many in-depth discussions with various parties. I am glad that this proposal has been welcomed and endorsed by a growing number of countries and their peoples. It has also been written into important UN documents. I hope that people around the world will work together toward this community with a shared future for humanity. I hope this will make Asia and the world peaceful, tranquil, prosperous, open and beautiful.

— With the future in mind, we need to treat each other with respect and as equals. We should uphold the five principles of peaceful coexistence, respect the social system and development path independently chosen by each country, respect each other's core interests and major concerns. We must follow a new approach to state-to-state relations featuring dialogue rather than confrontation, and partnership instead of military alliance. We must refrain from seeking dominance and reject the zero-sum game. We must refrain from demeaning or undermining our neighbors and reject power politics or hegemony with the strong bullying the weak. Instead, we must properly manage differences and work together for enduring peace.

— With the future in mind, we need to promote dialogue and share responsibility for this. We should act on a unified vision of common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security, and firmly uphold the international order and system underpinned by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter. An integrated approach should be taken to counter traditional and non-traditional security challenges, and coordination about this should be enhanced both bilaterally and multilaterally. We must ensure that various security mechanisms are coordinated with each other in an inclusive and complementary manner rather than undercutting each other. This will lead us to a lasting universal and common security.

— With the future in mind, we need to engage in cooperation for win-win results. We should stay committed to openness, connectivity and mutual benefits, building an open global economy, and reinforcing cooperation within the G20, APEC and other multilateral frameworks. We should promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, upholding the multilateral trading system, and jointly fostering new technologies, new industries and new forms and models of business. This way, we will make economic globalization more open, inclusive, balanced and beneficial to all.

— With the future in mind, we need to uphold inclusiveness and seek harmony without uniformity. We must strengthen bilateral and multilateral cooperation in culture, education, tourism, youth, media, health, poverty reduction and other fields. We need to promote mutual learning among civilizations as this means will help us build bridges of friendship, drive social progress, and safeguard peace for the region and beyond.

— With the future in mind, we need to treat nature with respect and treasure our planet. It is important to have a vision of green, low-carbon and sustainable development, and respect, accommodate and protect nature. We need to increase exchanges and cooperation, share experience and jointly meet challenges in climate change, environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction. We must make further progress along the path of sustainable development featuring increased production, higher living standards and healthy ecosystems so that our future generations can enjoy blue skies, clear water and lush mountains.

China's major measures to deepen reform and expand openness

The 19th CPC National Congress held last October ushered socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era and drew a blueprint for turning China into a great modern socialist country. This new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics marks a new chapter in China's rejuvenation and its effort to create shared prosperity with the rest of the world.

Each age and generation have their own challenges and missions. China has come a long way, but it has to overcome new challenges on its way ahead. In this new era, the Chinese nation will continue to improve itself through reform. We will stay committed to advancing reform in all respects, and prevail over whatever challenges that may lie ahead. We will tackle longstanding problems with courage and resolve, and break the impediments of vested interests to see reform properly followed through. The Chinese people will continue to take bold steps in innovation in order to boost development. Following the people-centered development philosophy and the new development vision, we will modernize our economic system, deepen the supply-side structural reform, and implement at a faster pace the strategies of innovation-driven development, rural revitalization and coordinated regional development. We will continue to work on targeted poverty alleviation and promote social equity and justice to give our people a greater sense of fulfillment, happiness, and security. The Chinese people will continue to increase in openness and expand their field of cooperation. We will stay committed to the strategy of opening up for win-win results. We will pay equal attention to "bringing in" and "going global," and break new ground in opening China further through links running eastward and westward, across land and over sea, throughout the world. We will adopt policies to promote high-standard liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, and explore the opening of free trade ports with Chinese characteristics. The Chinese people will continue to work together with the rest of the world and make greater contribution to humanity. China will stick to the path of peaceful development, actively pursue global partnerships, firmly support multilateralism, and take an active part in reforming the global governance system. By doing so, we will be able to build a new model of international relations and promote a community with a shared future for mankind.

No matter how much progress China has made in development, our country will not threaten anyone else, or attempt to overturn the existing international system, or seek spheres of influence for us to dominate. China will stay as determined as ever to build world peace, contribute to global prosperity and uphold the international order.

A comprehensive study of world development trajectories shows that economic globalization is an irreversible trend. In line with this conclusion, I emphasized in my report to the 19th CPC National Congress that China will continue to adhere to its fundamental national policy of opening up and pursue development with its door wide open. I wish to make it clear to all that China's door of opening up will not be closed. It will only open even wider!

What has happened proves that opening up was key to China's economic growth over the past 40 years and in the same vein, high-quality development of China's economy in the future can only be achieved with even greater openness. Opening up is a strategic decision made by China based on its need for development as well as a concrete action taken by China to move economic globalization forward in a way that benefits people across the world.

China will adopt the following major measures to pursue further opening:

First, we will significantly broaden market access. A number of landmark measures are to be launched this year. On services, financial services in particular, an important announcement was made at the end of last year on measures to raise foreign equity caps in the banking, securities and insurance industries. We will ensure that these measures are implemented and at the same time make more moves toward further opening, including accelerating the opening up of the insurance industry, easing restrictions on the establishment of foreign financial institutions in China and expanding their business scope, and opening up more areas of cooperation between our domestic and foreign financial markets. On manufacturing, we have basically opened up this sector with a small number of exceptions for automobiles, ships and aircraft. Now these industries are also in a position to open up. Going forward, we will ease as soon as possible foreign equity restrictions in these industries, automobiles in particular.

Second, we will create a more attractive investment environment. Investment environment is like air; only fresh air attracts more investment from the outside. China relied mainly on providing favorable policies for foreign investors in the past, but now we will have to rely more on improving the investment environment. We will enhance the alignment with international economic and trading rules, increase transparency, strengthen property rights protection, uphold the rule of law, encourage competition and oppose monopoly. We established a host of new agencies such as the State Administration for Market Regulation as part of a major reform of government institutions this past March, the purpose of which is to remove the systemic and institutional obstacles that prevent the market from playing a decisive role in resources allocation and enable the government to better play its role. In the first six months of this year, we will finish the revision of the negative list on foreign investment and implement across the board the management system based on the pre-establishment national treatment and negative list.

Third, we will strengthen protection of intellectual property rights (IPR). This is the centerpiece of the system for improving property rights protection, and it would provide the biggest boost to the competitiveness of the Chinese economy. Stronger IPR protection is the basic requirement of foreign enterprises, and even more so of Chinese enterprises. This year, we are re-instituting the State Intellectual Property Office to strengthen the ranks of its officers, step up law enforcement, significantly raise the cost for offenders and fully unlock the deterrent effect of relevant laws. We encourage normal technological exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and foreign enterprises, and protect the lawful IPR owned by foreign enterprises in China. At the same time, we hope foreign governments will also improve protection of Chinese IPR.

Fourth, we will take the initiative to expand imports. Domestic demand is the fundamental driving force for China's economic development, and it is an essential requirement for us to meet the people's ever-growing need for a better life. China does not seek trade surplus; we have a genuine desire to increase imports and achieve greater balance of international payments under the current account. This year, we will significantly lower the import tariffs for automobiles and reduce import tariffs for some other products. We will import more products that are competitive and needed by our people. We will seek faster progress toward joining the WTO Government Procurement Agreement. We hope developed countries will stop imposing restrictions on normal and reasonable trade of hi-tech products and relax export controls on such trade with China. This November, we will hold the first China International Import Expo in Shanghai. This is not just another expo in an ordinary sense, but a major policy initiative and commitment taken of our own accord to open up the Chinese market. Friends from around the world are welcome to participate in the Expo.

I wish to emphasize that with regard to all those major initiatives of opening up that I have just announced, we have every intention to translate them into reality, sooner rather than later. We want the outcomes of our opening up efforts to deliver benefits as soon as possible to all enterprises and people in China and around the world. I am confident that with these efforts outlined above, China's financial sector will be much more competitive, our capital market will continue to enjoy healthy development, the building of a system of modern industries will be accelerated, our market environment will be greatly improved, and IPR will be effectively protected. In short, China will enter a new phase of opening up.

Five years ago, I put forward the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Since then, more than 80 countries and international organizations have signed cooperation agreements with us. The BRI may be China's idea, but its opportunities and outcomes are going to benefit the world. China has no geopolitical calculations, seeks no exclusionary blocs and imposes no business deals on others. It must be pointed out that as the BRI is a new initiative, it is perfectly natural for there to be different views. As long as the parties embrace the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, we can surely enhance cooperation and resolve differences. This way, we can make the BRI the broadest platform for international cooperation in keeping with the trend of economic globalization and to the greater benefit of all our peoples.

Editor's note: The speech delivered by President Xi Jinping showcases China's firmness to push ahead with reform and opening up in the complex and changing international landscape and highlights again that China, Asia and even the world must achieve prosperous development through reform, opening up and innovation. The speech illustrates China's proposals and sets the tone of a new round of reform and opening up and win-win cooperation. Put forward by President Xi, the five proposals of bearing the future in mind are China's policy options on pushing ahead to build a community with a shared future and jointly creating new prospects of Asia and the world. The four measures to be adopted by China fully showcase the country's resolve and efforts to achieve higher-level reform and opening up. We firmly believe that China will adhere to opening up and win-win cooperation, make reform and innovation dauntlessly and strive steadily toward the goal of building a community with a shared future to embrace a bright future of Asia and the world with the rest of the international community.