編者按：2018年6月10日，上海合作組織成員國元首理事會(huì )第十八次會(huì )議在青島國際會(huì )議中心舉行。這是上海合作組織擴員后召開(kāi)的首次峰會(huì )，國際社會(huì )高度關(guān)注。中國國家主席習近平主持會(huì )議并發(fā)表重要講話(huà)。習近平的講話(huà)，總結了上海合作組織17年的發(fā)展成就，總結了當前世界大變革中存在的積極發(fā)展趨勢，提出了破解時(shí)代難題的發(fā)展觀(guān)、安全觀(guān)、合作觀(guān)、文明觀(guān)、全球治理觀(guān)等"五觀(guān)"，提出了構建上海合作組織命運共同體五大建議。具體講話(huà)內容如下：

上合組織17年發(fā)展成就

再過(guò)5天，上海合作組織將迎來(lái)17歲生日。撫今追昔，本組織走過(guò)了不平凡的發(fā)展歷程，取得了重大成就。

17年來(lái)，我們以《上海合作組織憲章》、《上海合作組織成員國長(cháng)期睦鄰友好合作條約》為遵循，構建起不結盟、不對抗、不針對第三方的建設性伙伴關(guān)系。這是國際關(guān)系理論和實(shí)踐的重大創(chuàng )新，開(kāi)創(chuàng )了區域合作新模式，為地區和平與發(fā)展作出了新貢獻。

今天，上海合作組織是世界上幅員最廣、人口最多的綜合性區域合作組織，成員國的經(jīng)濟和人口總量分別約占全球的20%和40%。上海合作組織擁有4個(gè)觀(guān)察員國、6個(gè)對話(huà)伙伴，并同聯(lián)合國等國際和地區組織建立了廣泛的合作關(guān)系，國際影響力不斷提升，已經(jīng)成為促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展、維護國際公平正義不可忽視的重要力量。

上海合作組織始終保持旺盛生命力、強勁合作動(dòng)力，根本原因在于它創(chuàng )造性地提出并始終踐行"上海精神"，主張互信、互利、平等、協(xié)商、尊重多樣文明、謀求共同發(fā)展。這超越了文明沖突、冷戰思維、零和博弈等陳舊觀(guān)念，掀開(kāi)了國際關(guān)系史嶄新的一頁(yè)，得到國際社會(huì )日益廣泛的認同。

當前世界大變革中存在的積極發(fā)展趨勢

面對世界大發(fā)展大變革大調整的新形勢，為更好推進(jìn)人類(lèi)文明進(jìn)步事業(yè)，我們必須登高望遠，正確認識和把握世界大勢和時(shí)代潮流。

盡管當今世界霸權主義和強權政治依然存在，但推動(dòng)國際秩序朝著(zhù)更加公正合理方向發(fā)展的呼聲不容忽視，國際關(guān)系民主化已成為不可阻擋的時(shí)代潮流。

盡管各種傳統和非傳統安全威脅不斷涌現，但捍衛和平的力量終將戰勝破壞和平的勢力，安全穩定是人心所向。

盡管單邊主義、貿易保護主義、逆全球化思潮不斷有新的表現，但"地球村"的世界決定了各國日益利益交融、命運與共，合作共贏(yíng)是大勢所趨。

盡管文明沖突、文明優(yōu)越等論調不時(shí)沉渣泛起，但文明多樣性是人類(lèi)進(jìn)步的不竭動(dòng)力，不同文明交流互鑒是各國人民共同愿望。

破解時(shí)代難題的"五觀(guān)"

當前，世界發(fā)展既充滿(mǎn)希望，也面臨挑戰，我們的未來(lái)無(wú)比光明，但前方的道路不會(huì )平坦。我們要進(jìn)一步弘揚"上海精神"，破解時(shí)代難題，化解風(fēng)險挑戰。

——我們要提倡創(chuàng )新、協(xié)調、綠色、開(kāi)放、共享的發(fā)展觀(guān)，實(shí)現各國經(jīng)濟社會(huì )協(xié)同進(jìn)步，解決發(fā)展不平衡帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，縮小發(fā)展差距，促進(jìn)共同繁榮。

——我們要踐行共同、綜合、合作、可持續的安全觀(guān)，摒棄冷戰思維、集團對抗，反對以犧牲別國安全換取自身絕對安全的做法，實(shí)現普遍安全。

——我們要秉持開(kāi)放、融通、互利、共贏(yíng)的合作觀(guān)，拒絕自私自利、短視封閉的狹隘政策，維護世界貿易組織規則，支持多邊貿易體制，構建開(kāi)放型世界經(jīng)濟。

——我們要樹(shù)立平等、互鑒、對話(huà)、包容的文明觀(guān)，以文明交流超越文明隔閡，以文明互鑒超越文明沖突，以文明共存超越文明優(yōu)越。

——我們要堅持共商共建共享的全球治理觀(guān)，不斷改革完善全球治理體系，推動(dòng)各國攜手建設人類(lèi)命運共同體。

構建上海合作組織命運共同體的五大建議

"上海精神"是我們共同的財富，上海合作組織是我們共同的家園。我們要繼續在"上海精神"指引下，同舟共濟，精誠合作，齊心協(xié)力構建上海合作組織命運共同體，推動(dòng)建設新型國際關(guān)系，攜手邁向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開(kāi)放包容、清潔美麗的世界。為此，我愿提出以下建議。

第一，凝聚團結互信的強大力量。我們要全面落實(shí)青島宣言、長(cháng)期睦鄰友好合作條約實(shí)施綱要等文件，尊重各自選擇的發(fā)展道路，兼顧彼此核心利益和重大關(guān)切，通過(guò)換位思考增進(jìn)相互理解，通過(guò)求同存異促進(jìn)和睦團結，不斷增強組織的凝聚力和向心力。

第二，筑牢和平安全的共同基礎。我們要積極落實(shí)打擊"三股勢力"2019至2021年合作綱要，繼續舉行"和平使命"等聯(lián)合反恐演習，強化防務(wù)安全、執法安全、信息安全合作。要發(fā)揮"上海合作組織－阿富汗聯(lián)絡(luò )組"作用，促進(jìn)阿富汗和平重建進(jìn)程。未來(lái)3年，中方愿利用中國－上海合作組織國際司法交流合作培訓基地等平臺，為各方培訓2000名執法人員，強化執法能力建設。

第三，打造共同發(fā)展繁榮的強勁引擎。我們要促進(jìn)發(fā)展戰略對接，本著(zhù)共商共建共享原則，推進(jìn)"一帶一路"建設，加快地區貿易便利化進(jìn)程，加緊落實(shí)國際道路運輸便利化協(xié)定等合作文件。中國歡迎各方積極參與今年11月將在上海舉辦的首屆中國國際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì )。中國政府支持在青島建設中國－上海合作組織地方經(jīng)貿合作示范區，還將設立"中國－上海合作組織法律服務(wù)委員會(huì )"，為經(jīng)貿合作提供法律支持。

我宣布，中方將在上海合作組織銀行聯(lián)合體框架內設立300億元人民幣等值專(zhuān)項貸款。

第四，拉緊人文交流合作的共同紐帶。我們要積極落實(shí)成員國環(huán)保合作構想等文件，繼續辦好青年交流營(yíng)等品牌項目，扎實(shí)推進(jìn)教育、科技、文化、旅游、衛生、減災、媒體等各領(lǐng)域合作。未來(lái)3年，中方將為各成員國提供3000個(gè)人力資源開(kāi)發(fā)培訓名額，增強民眾對上海合作組織大家庭的了解和認同。中方愿利用風(fēng)云二號氣象衛星為各方提供氣象服務(wù)。

第五，共同拓展國際合作的伙伴網(wǎng)絡(luò )。我們要強化同觀(guān)察員國、對話(huà)伙伴等地區國家交流合作，密切同聯(lián)合國等國際和地區組織的伙伴關(guān)系，同國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行等國際金融機構開(kāi)展對話(huà)，為推動(dòng)化解熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題、完善全球治理作出貢獻。

編后語(yǔ)：習近平主席的講話(huà)，就上合組織成立17年來(lái)的發(fā)展歷程和有益經(jīng)驗進(jìn)行了全面總結，并為上合組織今后的發(fā)展作出了系統規劃，明確了總體方向。

習近平的全篇講話(huà)突出了"上海精神"。"上海精神"是上合組織的靈魂和共同財富，必須加以堅持和弘揚。在"上海精神"指引下同舟共濟，精誠合作，推動(dòng)上合組織這一新型綜合性組織成為區域合作的典范。

習近平對當前國際發(fā)展積極有利因素的總結，對成員國凝聚合力具有"撥云見(jiàn)日"的效果。

習主席提出的發(fā)展觀(guān)、安全觀(guān)、合作觀(guān)、文明觀(guān)和全球治理觀(guān)，這五大觀(guān)概括總結了建設新型國際關(guān)系的基本理念，為"上海精神"增添了新的時(shí)代內涵，賦予了上合組織新的歷史使命。特別是習近平主席提出的共商共建共享的全球治理觀(guān)，為完善全球治理貢獻了上合智慧。這五大觀(guān)融合了中國十八大以來(lái)的發(fā)展理念，為上合組織未來(lái)發(fā)展提供了"藍圖"。

習主席呼吁各方齊心協(xié)力構建上合組織命運共同體，推動(dòng)建設新型國際關(guān)系，攜手邁向持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁榮、開(kāi)放包容、清潔美麗的世界。經(jīng)各方協(xié)商一致，"確立人類(lèi)命運共同體的共同理念"被寫(xiě)入青島宣言，成為上合組織8國最重要的政治共識和努力目標。這將有利于深化上合組織成員國之間的互利合作，為上合組織的發(fā)展注入不竭動(dòng)力，也將促進(jìn)本地區乃至世界的共同發(fā)展與繁榮。

Remarks by President Xi Jinping at the 18th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States of SCO—Edited Excerpt

Editor's Note: The 18th Meeting of the Council of Heads of Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) was held at Qingdao International Convention Center on June 10, 2018. It was the first summit held after the SCO admitted new members, something which has attracted high attention from the international community. Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech. President Xi summarized the achievements made over the 17 years since the SCO was established and the positive trends amid the major transformation of the current world. The president also put forward five principles relating to development, security, cooperation, civilization and global governance to surmount difficulties of the current era and five proposals to build an SCO community with a shared future. An edited excerpt follows:

Achievements of SCO over 17 years 

The SCO will celebrate its 17th birthday in five days, an occasion for us to review the organization's remarkable journey and important achievements.

Over the past 17 years, guided by the SCO Charter and the Treaty on Long-Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation Between the Member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, we have forged a constructive partnership featuring non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting of any third party. In doing so, we have achieved a major breakthrough in the theories and practices of international relations, created a new model for regional cooperation, and made a new contribution to peace and development in our region.

Today, the SCO stands as a comprehensive regional cooperation organization that covers the largest area and population in the world. Its members account for about 20 percent of the global economy and 40 percent of its population. The SCO has four observer states and six dialogue partners as well as extensive cooperation linkages with UN and other international and regional organizations. With its ever rising international influence, the SCO has become an important force for promoting global peace and development, and in upholding international justice and fairness.

The SCO enjoys strong vitality and has a great momentum of cooperation. This, in the final analysis, is attributed to the Shanghai Spirit, a creative vision initiated and followed through by the SCO that champions mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, consultation, respect for diversity of civilizations and pursuit of common development. The Shanghai Spirit, transcending outdated concepts such as clash of civilizations and Cold War and zero-sum mentality, has opened a new page in the history of international relations and gained increasing endorsement of the international community.

Positive trends amid major global changes 

We must aim high and look far, keeping pace with the underlying global and temporal trends to push for more progress of human civilization at a time when the world is undergoing major developments, transformation and adjustment.

While hegemony and power politics still persist in this world, the growing call for a more just and equitable international order has to be heeded. Democracy in international relations has become an unstoppable trend for our times.

While various traditional and non-traditional security threats continue to emerge, the force for peace will prevail, for security and stability are what people long for.

While unilateralism, trade protectionism and the backlash against globalization are taking new forms, in this global village of ours where countries' interests and future are so interconnected, the pursuit of cooperation for mutual benefit represents a surging, unstoppable trend.

While we keep hearing such rhetoric about the clash of civilizations or the superiority of one civilization over another, it is the diversity of civilizations that sustains human progress. Indeed, mutual learning between different cultures is a shared aspiration of all peoples.

Five concepts for surmounting difficulties head on 

The world today faces both opportunities and challenges. The road ahead, bumpy as it may be, will lead to a promising future. We should stay committed to the Shanghai Spirit, surmount difficulties, defuse risks and meet any challenges head on.

— We should uphold innovative, coordinated, green, open and inclusive development, achieve coordinated social and economic progress for various countries and resolve issues caused by unbalanced development. We should bridge the gap in development and promote shared prosperity.

— We should pursue common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable security. We should reject the Cold War mentality，resist confrontation between blocs and oppose the practices of seeking absolute security for oneself at the expense of others, so as to achieve security of all.

— We should promote open and inclusive cooperation for win-win outcomes. We should reject self-centered, short-sighted and closed-door policies. We should uphold WTO rules and support the multilateral trading system so as to build an open world economy.

— We should champion equality, mutual learning, dialogue and inclusiveness between civilizations. It is important that we overcome cultural misunderstanding, clashing ideologies and the attempt to create supremacy, mitigating these through exchanges, mutual learning and coexistence.

— We should follow the principle of achieving shared growth through discussion and collaboration in engaging in global governance. We should reform and improve the global governance system, and work with all other countries to build a community with a shared future for humanity.

Five purposals for building an SCO community with a shared future 

The Shanghai Spirit is our shared asset, and the SCO is our shared home. We should, guided by the Shanghai Spirit, work closely to build an SCO community with a shared future, move toward a new type of international relations, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. To this end, I would like to propose the following:

First, we need to build up strength of unity and mutual trust. We should ensure full implementation of the Qingdao Declaration, the Outline for the Implementation of the Treaty on Long-Term Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, and other documents. We should respect each other's choice of development paths and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns. We should enhance mutual understanding by putting ourselves in others' positions and boost harmony and unity by seeking common ground and setting aside differences. This will enhance the cohesion and appeal of our organization.

Second, we need to strengthen the foundation for shared peace and security. We need to actively implement the 2019-21 program of cooperation for combating "three evil forces" of terrorism, separatism and extremism, continue to conduct the "Peace Mission" and other joint counter-terrorism exercises, and enhance cooperation on defense security, law enforcement security and information security. We need to give full play to the role of the SCO-Afghanistan Contact Group to facilitate peace and reconstruction in Afghanistan. China offers to train 2,000 law enforcement officers for all parties in the next three years through the China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation and other platforms to enhance law enforcement capacity building.

Third, we need to build a powerful engine to achieve common development and prosperity. We should increase complementarity of our respective development strategies, continue to advance the Belt and Road cooperation under the principle of delivering shared benefits through extensive consultation and joint contribution, accelerate regional trade facilitation, and step up the implementation of the Agreement on International Road Transport Facilitation and other cooperation documents. China will welcome all parties to the first China International Import Expo to be held in Shanghai in November this year. The Chinese Government supports building a demonstration area in Qingdao for China-SCO local economic and trade cooperation, and will set up a committee of legal services for SCO member states to provide legal support for business cooperation.

In this connection, I hereby announce that China will set up an 30 billion ($4.33 billion) equivalent special lending facility within the framework of the SCO Inter-bank Consortium.

Fourth, we need to forge closer ties through cultural and people-to-people exchanges. We should actively implement the outline for environmental protection cooperation and other documents, ensure the continued success of such well-recognized programs as the youth exchange camp, and secure solid progress in cooperation in education, science and technology, culture, tourism, health, disaster relief and media. In the next three years, China will provide 3,000 training opportunities of human resources development for SCO member states to enhance public understanding of and support for the SCO family. China offers to provide meteorological services to all parties using its Fengyun-2 weather satellites.

Fifth, we need to expand the partnership networks of international cooperation. By intensifying exchanges and cooperation with SCO observer states, dialogue partners, and other countries in our region, by enhancing partnerships with the United Nations and other international and regional organizations, and by engaging in dialogue with the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other international financial institutions, we can contribute our share to resolving hotspot issues and improving global governance.

Editor's note: President Xi Jinping's speech draws a comprehensive picture and summary of the remarkable journey and beneficial experience of the 17 years' development of the SCO, and notes a systematic planning and general trend for the SCO's future development. 

The Shanghai Spirit is emphasized in Xi's speech. It is the soul and shared asset of the SCO, which should be upheld and carried forward. Guided by the Shanghai Spirit, the SCO will be developed into a new type comprehensive regional cooperation organization, a good model for regional cooperation. 

The conclusion Xi makes about the advantageous factors for international development will be beneficial for the cohesion among member states. 

Concepts about development, security, cooperation, civilization and global governance, provided by Xi, conclude the basic ideas for new type international relation building, extend the new era connotation of Shanghai Spirit, and give the SCO new historic missions. Especially, the concept about global governance concerning working with all other countries and sharing future for humanity, contributes the SCO wisdom to the improvement of global governance. These five concepts intergrate China's development vision after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and provide a blueprint for the future development of the SCO. 

President Xi appeals all parties to build an SCO community with a shared future, move toward a new type of international relations, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world that enjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. Based on the consensus reached by eight member states, "building a community with a shared future for humanity" has been included into the Qingdao Declaration, and becomes the most important political consensus in the SCO. It will deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, inject continuous power into the process of development, and promote the common development and prosperity not only among member parties but also in the whole world.